You can’t just wrap old websites in bootstrap and call it a day

Just because you wrapped an existing website in bootstrap doesn’t necessarily mean it’s ready for use on mobile devices. This is especially true if the website was originally designed for desktop browsers. Yes, bootstrap can significantly improve the user interface and make it flexible across multiple screen sizes. But it’s also up to you to roll up your sleeves and make sure the code behind the scenes is also worthy of being mobile-ready.

So, here are a three challenges to consider that will help keep your smartphone using visitors happy.

Challenge 1 – The internet connection on mobile devices is not as reliable as your home or office wired network. That’s a fact. Download speeds can and will vary significantly. The larger the website in MBs, the more links it has to download, the more non-optimized images then the longer it will take to render and become ready for use, especially on a mobile device. And mobile users are a very impatient bunch when it comes to sluggishness.

Size does matter with web sites. Smaller sized files download faster. The fewer number of files that make up a website also means faster downloads. Optimize, optimize and optimize some more. Minify files. Combine multiple files into one. Optimize images for web display.

Challenge 2 – Site navigation needs to be rethought and resized with mobile users in mind. Modern mobile devices use finger-based navigation, as opposed to high-precision mouse pointers. Teeny, tiny buttons or links that look cool on an ultra-high resolution MacBook retina screen positively suck when you are trying multiple times to click on them with your fingertip. On some websites using desktop navigational elements on your phone becomes like a macabre video game as you repeatedly play hit-or-miss with your fingertips.

Mobile websites should be finger lickin’ good. Okay, maybe you don’t really have to lick your fingers, but at least right size your navigational elements while keeping people’s fingers in mind. And fingers come in all shapes, sizes and levels of dexterity. Bootstrap can help with this.

Furthermore, your design and testing should work equally well in both portrait and landscape modes (phone right side up or phone on its side), and you should be able to switch back and forth seamless between the two modes in the same browser session.

Challenge 3 – Mobile devices are significantly more sensitive to browser memory leaks and bloated web pages. The mobile operating system will simply kill of any app that it deems to be using too much memory. And most of us are simply not good stewards at keeping our mobile browsers tuned up and happy. Browser caches grow huge and don’t get cleaned out regularly; we keep too many tabs open and probably have more information in our browser history than the library of congress. To further add to our woes, many of us let our phones run for weeks without a restart which can allow memory leakage to grow over time.

Tweak as many aspects of web page performance that your time will allow. Optimize old code by re-writing and striving to add new efficiencies. I know it may sound crazy, but if your site is particularly large and complex then consider creating focused, mobile-only sites that have scaled down content, rather than trying the one-size fits all approach. Smaller sites not only load faster but they are easier to navigate, take up less memory and typically perform better.

What all mobile web devs should know about PhoneGap

If you already building or looking into getting started with mobile web applications you should understand the basics of PhoneGap. The name ‘PhoneGap’ is widely recognized, and perhaps more widely misunderstood.

The nudge to write this article was born out of conversations where we stumbled across concrete limitations to modern responsive JavaScript libraries such as bootstrap and jQuery. Limitations that cannot be overcome by adding more brilliant functionality because some JavaScript capabilities simply do not exist within the browser today. Furthermore, other requirements were imposed by political realities, timeframes and expectations.

That’s where PhoneGap steps in. 

So what, tell me what PhoneGap does?

PhoneGap is owned by Adobe and it has an open source top-level Apache Foundation sister project called Cordova. I won’t bore you with its long and twisted history, you can read about it here if you want.

The bottom line is PhoneGap allows you to develop JavaScript mobile applications that have access to certain aspects of the native device such as writing data to a filesystem. Your web application is wrapped within a native mobile application container that gives you JavaScript access to native operating system capabilities beyond what the browser itself is capable of doing!

By native I mean iOS Objective C, Android Java, WindowsPhone, Windows 8, Blackberry 10, Amazon Fire OS and Tizen. Your JavaScript applications runs in a chrome-less browser that gives you special hooks to the operating system. You can also submit PhoneGap applications to the AppStore, Google Play and others.

Who uses this stuff, well you may be using a PhoneGap app from one of these online stores and not even know it. To mention a few: Southwest Airlines and many others.

What limitations can PhoneGap address that responsive libraries don’t?

If your requirements call for all or most of the following items, then PhoneGap is the correct choice for your project today. That may change as HTML5 continues to rapidly grow, but for now I’m sticking with the following bullet points. Stick with me and read through all of these before starting to throw out counter arguments.

JavaScript skillz. If you are an existing JavaScript shop, then PhoneGap leverages your existing JavaScript skills to access capabilities beyond current browser functionality without the need to have an in-depth understanding of Objective C or Java.

Sure, it’s easy to say you can hire expert contractors to develop iOS and Android applications, along with UX designers and testers. But, if your budget doesn’t include the capital costs for these folks and all you have is JavaScript ninjas on staff then the choice is easy.

Or, maybe you have genius-level developers that could easily and quickly spin up on all your need to know on ObjectiveC and Java Android. If this isn’t the case, and your timeframes and budgets don’t allow for this then you’ll need a fallback plan such as PhoneGap.

Access to camera.  Yes, you can currently access the camera on some web browsers today. However, the support on mobile browsers is still inconsistent, limited or non-existent. On the other hand, native device OS’s are expected to have access to cameras If they didn’t it would be considered a serious oversight. PhoneGap provides cross-platform mobile device access to the camera.

Read/write access to SD Card. Just to reiterate, this is both read and write access to a local storage device. Certainly there is a FileReader API in plain old JavaScript, but as far as I know there isn’t a FileWriter or its equivalent yet. If you need the write access to go along with read capabilities then you should be looking at PhoneGap.

[Correction Jan. 27, 2014] I mis-wrote. The FileWriter API exists however it has limited supported across browsers: https://caniuse.com/#search=filewriter. And, examples of it’s use can be found here.

AppStore or Google Play. If you have a requirement to submit your application to the app store then PhoneGap will help you get there. There is no way today for submitting a stand-alone web application for acceptance on AppStore or Google Play. Period. Some will argue that the need for using these online application stores is going away, but that’s a non-issue if you have been directed to meet this requirement a.s.a.p. and your job depends on it. If that’s the case, then PhoneGap will be your friend.

Is there anything else I should know?

Yes…First, PhoneGap is not perfect, but then again few software projects are perfect. You will need to install and know a few things about the native IDEs you want to support. If you want to deploy Android you’ll need to install Eclipse or IntelliJ. For iOS you’ll need to install XCode. Etc. You still have to compile a native project or you can try your hand at Adobe’s PhoneGap Build, which is a cloud based build system for PhoneGap.

It is confusing that there are two projects that share a common/similar code base: PhoneGap and Cordova. Also, Cordova’s documentation has typically been more up to date that Adobe’s. If you do your research you’ll find various performance complaints and bug issues (like I just said are there any software projects that don’t have these??).  Yet, overall it’s a great starting point if you have the needs listed above, and it’s much better than trying to start from scratch given today’s dramatically shortened delivery expectations.

You can absolutely still use bootstrap, jQuery and other JavaScript libraries within PhoneGap. There are caveats, of course, related to application life-cycle issue, navigation as well as App Store and Google Play user interface acceptance guidelines.

If you want to add functionality to PhoneGap because you find some critical thing is missing that you need for your project, the good news is you can develop a custom plug-in.

Last, I should mention Titanium Studio. It also lets you leverage JavaScript skills, with the primary difference being that it converts JavaScript into native byte code rather than just displaying it in a chrome-less view.  Plus it’s comes with its own IDE and MVC Framework.  I’ve never used Titanium so I can’t judge it, however I know people who do use it successfully and love it. It’s one more thing to consider that you should be aware of.

References

Cordova Documentation

PhoneGap Documentation

PhoneGap Platform Support